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Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer encompasses all cancers that develop in the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, and the peritoneum. It can develop as a variety of different tumour subtypes, characterized by differences in cellular morphology

Ovarian Cancer Subtypes

High-Grade Serous Carcinoma

High-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) are the most prevalent subtype. They are also associated with the worst prognosis. Approximately 80% of HGSC contain TP53 mutations and result in high levels of proliferation. BRCA1/2 are common in hereditary HGSC patients.

Clear-Cell Carcinoma

Clear-cell carcinomas are believed to arise from endometriosis in ovaries similar to endometroid carcinomas. Clear-cell carcinomas differ in that they are characterized by somatic mutations in the ARID1A tumour-suppressor gene.

Low-Grade Serous Carcinoma

Low-grade serous carcinomas (LGSC) are very rare and are characterized by low quantities of genetic mutations resulting in the slow development from precursors. 

Mucinous Carcinoma

Mucinous carcinomas have an increased frequency of KRAS mutations. They are believed to develop in a step-wise fashion from mucinous cystadenomas and mucinous borderline tumours (MBT).

Endometroid Carcinoma

Endometroid Carcinomas arise during endometriosis in the ovaries, often occurring as atypical endometriosis. The presence of endometriotic cysts induce persistent oxidative stress.

High-Grade Serous Carcinoma

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Further Information

For more information check out the Canadian Cancer Society website or cancer.ca/statistics to access the Canadian Cancer Statistics 2021 information

An estimated 3000 women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer in Canada annually

Diagnosis

Patients with ovarian cancer have a 44% 5-year survival rate

Survival

Sadly, an estimated 1,950 women will die of ovarian cancer per year in Canada

Mortality
 

Canadian Cancer Statistics 2021

Source

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